FISH IMMUNE CELL MARKERS

 

 

Cells can be identified using their protein expression profiles

 

It is well established from studies in mammals that different types of cells carry distinct arrays of proteins on their cell surface or within their cytoplasm.  Thus, not only can cells be distinguished based on their morphology (i.e. how they look under a microscope), they can also be distinguished depending on which combinations of extracellular or intracellular proteins that they express.   Furthermore, the differentiation/activation state of a cell can be determined by looking at which proteins are expressed and at which level each individual protein is expressed.  For example, consider the T- and B-lymphocytes.  Every T-and B-cell has about 100,000 molecules on its surface. B cells have CD21, CD35, CD40, and CD45 in addition to other molecules on their surfaces whereas T-cells have CD2, CD3, CD4, CD28, CD45R, and other molecules on their surfaces.  T-cells can be further divided into cytotoxic T-cells or helper T-cells that express either CD8 proteins or CD4 proteins on their surfaces respectively.  When taking a look at, say, CD8+ T-cells at their different states of differentiation, the molecular profile changes from naïve cells to activated (effector) cells to memory cells (see the table below).  Thus, recognizing a cell’s molecular profile is very important for understanding what cell-type it is and how that cell should be behaving.

 

 

 

Molecular profile for CD8+ T-cells – molecules expressed and their relative levels

 

 

CD8

CD127

CD62L

CD45

CCR7

IL-2

IFN-g

Naïve

+

High

High

RA

High

Low

Low

Effector

+

Low

Low

RO

Low

Low

High

Effector memory

+

 

Low

variable

Low

 

 

Central memory

+

 

High

variable

High

 

 

 

 

 

Discovering the protein expression profiles of fish cells

 

Despite the large amount of information that exists to study human and mouse cells, the information and cellular reagents needed to study the cells of many other vertebrate species are sparse.  Many researchers are attempting to fill the gaps in the knowledge for these other species by using a comparative approach to first identify the orthologous genes to the known human/mouse cell surface (or intracellular) molecules, and then to develop recombinant proteins and antibodies against those proteins that can be then used for cellular analyses.  In addition to the many great laboratories worldwide addressing this shortfall, a consortium of scientists working together with the U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network is performing a major effort with regard to identifying and analyzing molecules of the immune system in domesticated animals with an emphasis on helping with disease control.  What this website aims to do is collate information concerning important molecules associated with immune cells of teleost fish hopefully making life a little easier for the scientists working in this extremely important field.  Although much of the information is still in the early stages (as is this website!), I’m sure that rapid progress is sure to follow, so watch this site for regular updates!

 

 

Important immune cell-surface molecules of bony fish

 

 

CD8 molecules                    mammalian expression = thymocyte subsets and MHC class I restricted T-cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY693394

15829311
Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AY693393

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

genomic

AY693392

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

genomic

AY693391

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

splice variant

mRNA

AY701522

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

splice variant

mRNA

AY701521

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Brown trout Salmo trutta

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY701524

15829311

 

Brown trout Salmo trutta

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AY701523

15829311

 

European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AJ846849

16230027
 

 

European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

CD8 alpha

mRNA

DQ090838

16414122
 

 

Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AJ878605

Aquaculture 
Volume 256, Issues 1-4 2006, Pages 631-637

 

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AB082957

C82240

10689095
 

 

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY563420

15829311

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(OSU-142 strain)

CD8 alpha

Onmy-CD8A.1 allele

Genomic

 

AF178055

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(ARO-F2 strain)

CD8 alpha

Onmy-CD8a.2 allele

mRNA

 

AF178054

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(OSU-142 strain)

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AF178053

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Zebrafish 
Danio rerio 

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AB186400

15854681
 

Zebrafish

 

 

 

CD4 molecules      mammalian expression = thymocyte subsets, MHC class II restricted T cells, monocytes and macrophages

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 

CD4-like protein 2

mRNA

DQ435302

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.05.012

Channel catfish

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 

CD4-like protein 1

mRNA

DQ435301

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.05.012

Channel catfish

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4L-2b*01 allele

mRNA

AY899932

16337483

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4L-2a*02 allele

mRNA

AY899931

16337483

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4L-2a*01 allele

mRNA

AY772711

16337483

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4-related protein CD4REL

mRNA

AY973029

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4

mRNA

AY973028

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4-related protein CD4REL

Genomic

AY973031

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4

Genomic

AY973030

 

Rainbow trout

Torafugu
Takifugu rubripes

CD4.2

mRNA

AB164055

15322779
 

Fugu

Torafugu
Takifugu rubripes

CD4.1

mRNA

AB164054

15322779
 

Fugu

 

 

 

CD28 molecules                                                                                                   mammalian expression = T cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD28               

mRNA

AY789435

16547256

 

Rainbow trout

 
 
 

CTLA4/CD152 molecules                                                               mammalian expression = activated T-cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CTLA4               

mRNA

AY789436

16547256

 

Rainbow trout

 
 
 

CD3 molecules                                                                           mammalian expression = T cells and thymocytes

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Channel catfish

Ictalurus punctatus

CD3 zeta chain

mRNA

DQ114900

 

Channel catfish

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

CD3

genomic

AB054068

11345589

 

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

cd3-2

mRNA

AB044573

11345589

 

 

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

cd3-1

mRNA

AB044572

11345589

 

 

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

CD3 epsilon

mRNA

AB081751

15450752

11345589

 

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

 

 

 

 

Rainbow trout

Torafugu

Takifugu rubripes

CD3 epsilon-1 (cd3e-1)

mRNA

AB166798

15756549

 

Fugu

Torafugu

Takifugu rubripes

CD3 epsilon-2 (cd3e-2)

mRNA

AB166799

15756549

 

Fugu

Torafugu

Takifugu rubripes

CD3 gamma/delta (cd3g/d)

mRNA

AB166800

15756549

 

Fugu

 
 
 

CD2 molecules                                                                  mammalian expression = T -cells, thymocytes, NK-cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Zebrafish 

Danio rerio

CD2

mRNA

BC045960

12477932

 

Zebrafish

 
 
 

CD45 molecules                                                                   mammalian expression of different splice variants =

              CD45RO: memory T-cells, some B-cells, monocytes, macrophages, CD45RA: naïve T-cells, B-cells, monocytes, CD45RB: B-cells, some T-cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index or other

Zebrafish 
Danio rerio

CD45

mRNA

XM_695661

 

Zebrafish

Zebrafish 
Danio rerio

CD45

mRNA

XM_682470

 

Zebrafish

Torafugu
Takifugu rubripes

CD45

mRNA

AJ243429

 

Fugu

Channel catfish

Ictalurus punctatus

CD45

mRNA

AY366233

15236932
 

Channel catfish

Common carp 
Cyprinus carpio 

CD45

mRNA

AB031424.

11081442
 

CARPBASE

 
 
 
 

Chemokine receptors

 

Many of these chemokine receptor genes are already covered in a great website called The Cytokine Family cDNA Database under the following URL

http://csp.medic.kumamoto-u.ac.jp/CSP/FishR/FishR.html

 
 
 
 
Coming soon!          T-cell receptors, immunoglobulins, and other Cluster of Differentiation markers.
                                 Intracellular molecules – kinases, transcription factors
                                 Cytokines – Th1, Th2, Th3/Treg associated cytokines
 
 
 
 
Important links for finding more information about fish and fish immune cell molecules
 
 
Society websites
 

·         International Society for Developmental and Comparative Immunology-ISDCI
·         The Japanese Association for Developmental and Comparative Immunology - JADCI
·         European Association of Fish Pathologists - EAFP
·         American Association of Veterinary Immunologists - AAVI
·         American Fisheries Society – AFS
·         Asian Fisheries Society – Fish Health Section
·         Fisheries Society of the British Isles – FSBI
·         European Aquaculture Society – EAS

 
 
Interest Groups and specialized websites
 
·         Fishdisease.net
·         Aquaculture genomics
·        Teleost MHC sequence database
 
 
Journal websites
 

·         Developmental and Comparative Immunology
·         Fish and Shellfish Immunology
·         Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
·         Immunogenetics
·         Molecular Immunology
·         Journal of Immunology
·         Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA

 
 
 
Links to groups
 
Government, commercial and academic research groups working on fish health, immunology or just providing resources that help (those that I could find on the internet at least!).  This list is still being compiled so please don’t be offended if your facility is not included!
 
Europe

·         Aquamedicine (Norway)
·         CEFAS (UK)
·         Danish Network for Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Denmark)
·         Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute - Federal Research Institute for Animal Health (Germany)
·         European Commission 
·         FRS Marine Laboratory (UK)
·         Inland Fisheries Research Institute (Poland)
·         Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France)
·         Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology – Fish Immunology and vaccinology (Portugal)
·         Research Group of Fish Immunophysiology and Aquaculture (Spain)
·         Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre (UK)
·         University of Aberdeen – Fish Immunology Group (UK)
·         University of Bergen, Department of Biology – Fish Immunology GroupFish Disease Group (Norway)
·         University of Stirling – Institute of Aquaculture (UK)
·        Wageningen University Cell Biology and Immunology Group (The Netherlands)
·         Wealth (European consortium)

 
Asia

·        Aquatic animal health division - National Research Institute of Aquaculture,Fisheries Research Agency (Japan)
·         Fisheries Laboratory – University of Tokyo, Aquatic Bioscience Research Center (Japan)
·         Laboratory of Aquatic Pathology (Japan)
·         Lady Doak College – Centre of Fish Immunology (India)
·        Tokyo University of Fisheries (Japan)

 

 
North America

·         Aquanet (Canada)
·         Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre (Canada)
·         Center of Marine Biotechnology (USA)
·         Cornell University Aquatic Animal Health Program (USA)
·         Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center (USA)
·         Marine Disease Pathology and Research Program (USA)
·         National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (USDA-ARS) (USA)
·         National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration – Fisheries (USA)
·         Pacific Biological Station (Canada)
·         Profishent (USA)
·         The Institute for Marine Biosciences (Canada)
·         U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network (USA)
·         Univeristy of Idaho – Aquaculture Research Institute (USA)
·         University of Utah (Zebrafish Immunology Lab) (USA)
·         Virginia Institute of Marine Science (USA)
·         Washington State University (USA)
·         Western Fisheries Research Center (USGS) (USA)
·         Dept. of Microbiology, University of Mississippi Medical Center (USA)


 
Australasia

·         University of Tasmania – School of Aquaculture (Australia)

 

 


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