FISH IMMUNE CELL MARKERS

 

 

Cells can be identified using their protein expression profiles

 

It is well established from studies in mammals that different types of cells carry distinct arrays of proteins on their cell surface or within their cytoplasm.  Thus, not only can cells be distinguished based on their morphology (i.e. how they look under a microscope), they can also be distinguished depending on which combinations of extracellular or intracellular proteins that they express.   Furthermore, the differentiation/activation state of a cell can be determined by looking at which proteins are expressed and at which level each individual protein is expressed.  For example, consider the T- and B-lymphocytes.  Every T-and B-cell has about 100,000 molecules on its surface. B cells have CD21, CD35, CD40, and CD45 in addition to other molecules on their surfaces whereas T-cells have CD2, CD3, CD4, CD28, CD45R, and other molecules on their surfaces.  T-cells can be further divided into cytotoxic T-cells or helper T-cells that express either CD8 proteins or CD4 proteins on their surfaces respectively.  When taking a look at, say, CD8+ T-cells at their different states of differentiation, the molecular profile changes from naïve cells to activated (effector) cells to memory cells (see the table below).  Thus, recognizing a cell’s molecular profile is very important for understanding what cell-type it is and how that cell should be behaving.

 

 

 

Molecular profile for CD8+ T-cells – molecules expressed and their relative levels

 

 

CD8

CD127

CD62L

CD45

CCR7

IL-2

IFN-g

Naïve

+

High

High

RA

High

Low

Low

Effector

+

Low

Low

RO

Low

Low

High

Effector memory

+

 

Low

variable

Low

 

 

Central memory

+

 

High

variable

High

 

 

 

 

 

Discovering the protein expression profiles of fish cells

 

Despite the large amount of information that exists to study human and mouse cells, the information and cellular reagents needed to study the cells of many other vertebrate species are sparse.  Many researchers are attempting to fill the gaps in the knowledge for these other species by using a comparative approach to first identify the orthologous genes to the known human/mouse cell surface (or intracellular) molecules, and then to develop recombinant proteins and antibodies against those proteins that can be then used for cellular analyses.  In addition to the many great laboratories worldwide addressing this shortfall, a consortium of scientists working together with the U.S. Veterinary Immune Reagent Network is performing a major effort with regard to identifying and analyzing molecules of the immune system in domesticated animals with an emphasis on helping with disease control.  What this website aims to do is collate information concerning important molecules associated with immune cells of teleost fish hopefully making life a little easier for the scientists working in this extremely important field.  Although much of the information is still in the early stages (as is this website!), I’m sure that rapid progress is sure to follow, so watch this site for regular updates!

 

 

Important immune cell-surface molecules of bony fish

 

 

CD8 molecules                    mammalian expression = thymocyte subsets and MHC class I restricted T-cells

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY693394

15829311
Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AY693393

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

genomic

AY693392

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

genomic

AY693391

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 beta

splice variant

mRNA

AY701522

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Atlantic salmon

Salmo salar

CD8 alpha

splice variant

mRNA

AY701521

15829311

Atlantic salmon

Brown trout Salmo trutta

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY701524

15829311

 

Brown trout Salmo trutta

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AY701523

15829311

 

European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AJ846849

16230027
 

 

European sea bass Dicentrarchus labrax

CD8 alpha

mRNA

DQ090838

16414122
 

 

Gilthead seabream Sparus aurata

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AJ878605

Aquaculture 
Volume 256, Issues 1-4 2006, Pages 631-637

 

Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AB082957

C82240

10689095
 

 

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD8 beta

mRNA

AY563420

15829311

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(OSU-142 strain)

CD8 alpha

Onmy-CD8A.1 allele

Genomic

 

AF178055

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(ARO-F2 strain)

CD8 alpha

Onmy-CD8a.2 allele

mRNA

 

AF178054

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

(OSU-142 strain)

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AF178053

10706703

 

Rainbow trout

Zebrafish 
Danio rerio 

CD8 alpha

mRNA

AB186400

15854681
 

Zebrafish

 

 

 

CD4 molecules      mammalian expression = thymocyte subsets, MHC class II restricted T cells, monocytes and macrophages

Species

Marker name

Sequence type

Genbank accession #

Published article

TIGR gene index

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 

CD4-like protein 2

mRNA

DQ435302

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.05.012

Channel catfish

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus 

CD4-like protein 1

mRNA

DQ435301

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.05.012

Channel catfish

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4L-2b*01 allele

mRNA

AY899932

16337483

 

Rainbow trout

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

CD4L-2a*02 allele

mRNA

AY899931

16337483